Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles in Motion

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel approach for wirelessly charging electric vehicles (EVs) in motion, utilizing an energy transfer system designed to minimize the need for stationary charging intervals. The proposed prototype uses a 10-volt solar panel as the primary source of power and makes use of an IRF 540 N transistor to allow for efficient switching of the power and a transmitter-receiver coil system to achieve the transfer of energy wirelessly. The transmission core is set up with a custom-made copper coil, having a diameter of 7 cm and a gauge of 25, and wound with 10 turns. Control and monitoring are performed using an Arduino UNO, which provides real-time data processing, displays the output on an LCD screen, and integrates a voltage sensor for accurate power feedback. This configuration offers a viable proof-of-concept for dynamic wireless charging, possibly transforming the structure of EV infrastructure as it integrates charging capabilities into roads to increase EV range and sustainability. It is also likely that the future expansion of this technology will encompass higher power levels and the real-world system of EVs. Dynamic charging will therefore continue to play an important role in furthering power supply with no interruptions, minimizing time outages.

Introduction

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels but face a key challenge: range anxiety due to limited battery life and slow charging stops. Dynamic wireless charging—enabling EVs to charge while in motion via wireless infrastructure embedded in roads—could eliminate this issue by allowing continuous, seamless charging during travel.

This paper presents the design and testing of a prototype system demonstrating the feasibility of dynamic wireless charging. Using a 10-volt solar panel as a power source, custom copper coils for inductive energy transfer, and an Arduino UNO microcontroller for real-time monitoring, the system aims to optimize efficiency, stability, and scalability of energy transfer between transmitter coils embedded in roads and receiver coils on vehicles.

The literature review highlights prior work in wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies, focusing on coil design, magnetic resonance coupling, compensation topologies, and real-time control systems to improve charging efficiency and handle alignment issues during motion.

The methodology includes designing a two-coil inductive system, regulating power flow through transistor switching, and continuously monitoring voltage to assess system performance. Testing with an RC car simulating an EV showed over 80% power transfer efficiency at coil distances up to 10 cm and demonstrated that low-speed dynamic charging is feasible, though higher speeds require further optimization due to voltage fluctuations caused by coil misalignment.

Conclusion

The base of this paper focuses on the development of an electric vehicle prototype, in motion, to be charged wirelessly, by the use of magnetic resonance coupling, for better improvement of energy transfer efficiency. This proposed system utilizes the transmitter-receiver coil pair through power from a solar panel regulated with an IRF 540 N transistor, which would thus validate the feasibility of dynamic wireless charging. Using Arduino UNO as a control and monitoring system, the actual real-time voltage can be monitored with a very stable energy transfer under various distances and speeds. The experimental results of the system were found to be well above 80% in efficiency at a distance of 10 cm while maintaining an acceptable voltage within a speed of 10 km/h. These results suggest that the infrastructural integration of wireless charging into roads could make the source supply to EVs continuous. This would further reduce any dependency on static charging stations. Currently, much work needs to be done to optimize coil orientation and power delivery for operation at high speeds and possibly over longer distances. Further studies, possibly including adaptive control structures and alternative coil designs, shall be required to render it more robust and scalable. It will actually form a foundation for further development onroad wireless charging systems that make a path toward sustainable, continuous electric vehicle transport.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ganesh Korwar , Sankhya Desai, Shramanraj Chikhale , Samruddhi Deshmukh , Srushti Gade, Gaurav Deshpande. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.